Essential Classical Thermodynamics by Ulf W. Gedde

Author:Ulf W. Gedde
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9783030382858
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Second-order transitions or as they are also called, continuous phase transitions, are less well-known. The primary state functions (V, H and S) are continuous through the transition, but their first temperature derivatives (e.g. Δα and ΔCp) show a stepwise change (Fig. 6.7). Examples of second-order transitions are ferromagnetic transitions, superconductive transitions and glass transitions. Glasses show the characteristics of a second-order transition but the origin is in fact kinetic. However, there is an underlying thermodynamic second-order glass transition that is never observed in direct experiments. Note that the second derivative of the Gibbs free energy changes the sign at the transition point of a second-order transition (Fig. 6.7).

Fig. 6.7Characteristics of second-order phase transition

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